Sweetognathus

Extinct genus of jawless fishes

Sweetognathus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
†Conodonta
(unranked):
†Prioniodontida
Order:
†Ozarkodinida
Family:
†Sweetognathidae
Genus:
Sweetognathus

Clark, 1972[1]
Species
  • Sweetognathus asymmetrica
  • Sweetognathus expansus
  • Sweetognathus merrelli
  • Sweetognathus subsymmetricus
  • Sweetognathus whitei

Sweetognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Sweetognathidae that evolved at the beginning of the Permian period (298.9 Ma), in near-equatorial, shallow-water seas.[2]

The genus is characterized by pustulose ornamentation on a wide, flat-topped carina. It originated in the earliest Permian as S. expansus from Diplognathodus edentulus.[3]

Sweetognathus forms a species complex.[4]

The genus is named after paleontologist Walter C. Sweet.

It has been found that recurrent parallel species pairs have occurred throughout Sweetognathus evolution between populations originating in Bolivia, the Mid-Western Unitied States, and Russia.[2] Parallelisms have been found to occur in the denticle morphologies of their platform elements.[2]

Use in stratigraphy

According to the List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points, the species Sweetognathus whitei made its first appearance during the Artinskian (some 290.1 ± 0.26 mya), in the Permian of the Ural mountains.
The species Sweetognathus merrelli is near first appearance during the Sakmarian (some 295.0 ± 0.18 mya) in the Permian of Kondurovsky, Orenburg, Russia.[5]

References

  1. ^ Early Permian crisis and its bearing on Permo-Triassic conodont taxonomy. DL Clark, Geologica et Palaeontologica, 1972
  2. ^ a b c Petryshen, W.; Henderson, C. M.; De Baets, K.; Jarochowska, E. (2020-11-25). "Evidence of parallel evolution in the dental elements of Sweetognathus conodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1939): 20201922. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1922. PMC 7739493. PMID 33203328.
  3. ^ Evolution and distribution of the conodonts Sweetognathus and Iranognathus and related genera during the Permian, and their implications for climate change. S Mei, CM Henderson, BR Wardlaw - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, 2002
  4. ^ The Sweetognathus complex in the Permian of China: implications for evolution and homeomorphy. W Cheng-Yuan, SM Ritter… - Journal of Paleontology, 1987
  5. ^ Proposal for the base of the Sakmarian Stage: GSSP in the Kondurovsky Section, southern Urals, Russia. BI Chuvashov, VV Chernykh, EY Leven, VI Davydov, Permophiles, 2002

External links

  • "Sweetognathus". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
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Conodont-like fossils
Protoconodontida?
(Probably stem-chaetognaths)
Paraconodontida
  • Diaphanodus?
  • Dolabrodus
  • Bengtsonella
  • Hunanognathus
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Furnishinacea
Furnishinidae
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Westergaardodinidae
Conodonta /
Conodontophorida /
"true conodonts" (Euconodonta)
see below
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Ansellidae?
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Belodellidae
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  • Dvorakia
  • Stolodus
  • Walliserodus
Dapsilodontidae?
  • Besselodus?
  • Dapsilodus
Proconodontida
Cordylodontidae
Fryxellodontidae
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  • Fryxellodontus
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Conodonti
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Protopanderodontida
Acanthodontidae
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Clavohamulidae
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  • Granatodontus
  • Hirsutodontus
  • Hispidodontus
  • Laiwunodus
  • Nericodus?
  • Paraserratognathus
Drepanoistodontidae?
(Distacodontidae)?
  • Distacodus
  • Drepanodus?
  • Drepanoistodus
  • Laurentoscandodus
  • Nordiodus?
  • Paltodus
  • Paroistodus
  • Venoistodus
Panderodontida
(Panderodontidae)
  • Belodina
  • Culumbodina
  • Naimanodus
  • Neopanderodus
  • Nudibelodina
  • Panderodus
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  • Taoqupognathus
  • Belodellidae?
Protopanderodontidae
  • Aloxoconus?
  • Colaptoconus
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  • Molloydenticulus
  • Monocostodus
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  • Utahconus
  • Variabiloconus
  • Ventricodus
Serratognathidae?
  • Serratognathoides
  • Serratognathus
Strachanognathidae?
(Cornuodontidae)?
  • Cornuodus
  • Decoriconus
  • Macerodus
  • Scabbardella
  • Strachanognathus
Prioniodontida
see below
incertae sedis
  • Multidentodus?
  • Rossodus
  • Schopfodus
  • Ansellidae?
Acodontidae?
  • Acodus
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  • Nealeodus?
  • Pteracontiodus
  • Triangulodus
  • Tripodus
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Balognathidae
Distomodontidae
Gamachignathidae?
  • Birksfeldia
  • Galerodus
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Icrodellidae
  • Icriodella
  • Icriognathus
  • Pedavis
Icriodontidae
Jablonnodontidae?
  • Cononcfiodontus
  • Fungulodus
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Multioistodontidae
  • Dischidognathus
  • Leptochirognathus?
  • Multioistodus
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  • Wandelia
Nurrellidae?
  • Nurrella
Oistodontidae
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  • Juanognathus
  • Jumudontus
  • Loxognathodus
  • Loxodentatus
  • Oistodus
  • Oleandodus
  • Tricostatus
Ozarkodinida
see below
Paracordylodontidae
Periodontidae
Phragmodontidae
  • Acanthocordylodus
  • Acanthodina
  • Nordiora
  • Paraprioniodus
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Playfordiidae?
  • Playfordia
Plectodinidae
  • Bryantodina
  • Plectodina
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Polyplacognathidae
  • Baltoplacognathus
  • Cahabagnathus
  • Polonodus?
  • Polyplacognathus
Prioniodinida
see below
Prioniodontidae
  • Angulodus
  • Astognathus
  • Cardiodella
  • Dichognathus
  • Drucognathus
  • Embsaygnathus
  • Eocarniodus
  • Eoneoprioniodus
  • Guizhouprioniodus
  • Kailidontus
  • Lambdagnathus
  • Prioniodus
  • Reutterodus
  • Stiptognathus
Pygodontidae?
  • Nericodus?
  • Pygodus
Rhipidognathidae
Anchignathodontidae
?Archeognathidae
?Belodontidae
  • Albiconus
  • Belodus
  • Bengtsonella
  • Cambropustula
  • Gumella
  • Hunanganthus
  • Lepognathus
  • Microcoelodus
  • Paibiconus
  • Ptiloconus
?Coleodontidae
Coleodontinae
Hibbardellinae
  • Diplododella
  • Elsonella
  • Hibbardella
  • Hibbardelloides
  • Ptilognathus
  • Roundya
  • Tetraprioniodus
  • Zentagnathus
Hindeodellinae
Ligonodinae
  • Euprioniodella
  • Euprioniodina
  • Hamulosodina
  • Hindeodelloides
  • Ligonodina
  • Lonchodina?
  • Lonchodus
  • Synprioniodina
Neoprioniodontinae
  • Leptochirognathus
  • Loxodus
  • Neoprioniodus
  • Pachysomia
  • Subprioniodus
Plectospathodontinae
  • Anastrophognathus
  • Aphelognathus
  • Gothodus
  • Keislognathus
  • Plectospathodus
Cryptotaxidae
?Eognathodontidae
  • Eognathodus
  • Gigantholus
  • Gondwania
  • Pseudogondwania
  • Rhodalepis
  • Schmidtognathus
  • Siphonodella
Elictognathidae
?Francodinidae
  • Francodina
  • Planadina
  • Sweetodina
  • Urbanekodina
  • Vogelgnathus
?Gladigondolellidae
  • Gladigondolella
Gondolellidae
Gnathodontidae
Idiognathodontidae
?Iowagnathidae
  • Iowagnathus
Kockelellidae
Mestognathidae
  • Laterignathus
  • Mestognathus
?Novispathodontidae
  • Discretella
  • Gongolelloides
  • Guanxidella
  • Icriospathodus
  • Kashmirella
  • Mosherella
  • Novispathodus
  • Smithodus
  • Sweetospathodus
  • Triassospathodus
Polygnathacea
Cavusgnathidae
Palmatolepidae
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  • Klapperilepis
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  • Mesotaxis
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  • Tripodellus
Polygnathidae
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  • Bispathodus
  • Ctenopolygnathus
  • Mehlina
  • Nicollidina
  • Pandorinellina
  • Parapolygnathus
  • Polygnathus
  • Streptognathodus
  • Synclydagnathus
Pterospathodontidae
Spathognathodontidae
Sweetognathidae
?Trucherognathidae
  • Trucherognathus
?Vjalovognathidae
?Wapitiodontidae
  • Wapitiodus
Bactrognathidae
Chirognathidae
Ellisoniidae
?Oepikodontidae
  • Lissoepikodus
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Prioniodinidae
  • Bryantodus
  • Camptognathus
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  • Pristognathus
  • Scotlandia
  • Subbryantodus
  • Uncadina
  • Veghella
?Xaniognathidae
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Taxon identifiers
Sweetognathus


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